THE DIARY OF BOGDAN FILOV ABOUT HIS JOURNEY IN MACEDONIA IN 1916

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THE DIARY OF BOGDAN FILOV ABOUT HIS JOURNEY IN MACEDONIA IN 1916

REPORTS FROM THE SCIENTIFIC MISSION MISSION IN 1916

PETER PETROV

During the wars of 1912-1918 Bogdan Filov 1 undertook three scientific trips to Eastern Thrace, the Aegean Sea and Macedonia. He does this by virtue of his official position and duties as director of the National (Archaeological) Museum in Sofia. Therefore, it is quite natural that along with his purely scientific interests in the field of archeology, material culture and art, he also regulates administrative issues such as the preservation of cultural and historical monuments and the transfer of some of them to Sofia.

     B. Filov undertook all three scientific expeditions after the necessary preliminary preparation - research of the published literature, preparation of special leaflets (slips) for the Greek and Latin inscriptions with text and the most necessary notes about them. Especially for his trip to Macedonia in 1916, he mainly studied the works of PN Milyukov2, which described cultural and historical monuments in the regions of Thessaloniki, Voden, Prespa, Ohrid, Bitola, Prilep and Skopje; of NP Kondakov3, where monuments from the regions of Thessaloniki, Siar, Skopje, Kumanovo, Gracanica, Bitola and Ohrid are described; and to J. Ivanov4, where mostly old Bulgarian literary monuments and inscriptions from Macedonia are given. During his scientific expeditions and especially during the last one in Macedonia B. Filov kept a stenographic diary and separate notes for one or another cultural and historical monuments: he checked which of the issued inscriptions and objects were available, how accurate the descriptions were, made the necessary corrections and additions; takes detailed notes on unpublished or most important monuments; draws plans of buildings; takes photographs, etc. takes detailed notes on unpublished or most important monuments; draws plans of buildings; takes photographs, etc. takes detailed notes on unpublished or most important monuments; draws plans of buildings; takes photographs, etc.

     Later, when he was compiling his diaries, he transferred his general impressions by days and the descriptions of a number of objects in them, and for the others he explicitly noted that he had taken notes separately. These 655 notes, pre-written or taken during the trip, are an integral part of the diaries. Therefore, in order for the diaries themselves to be understood and used, they must be read together

. Petrov, P. Bogdan Filov's trip to Macedonia in 1916 - Military history. collection, 1991, № 3.

2 M i l yu k o v, PN Christian antiquities of Western Macedonia. - Izv. Русск. archeology. i-ta in Constantinople, 1899, vol. 4, high. 1, pp. 21—151 + 32 nlyustr.

3 Kondakov, NP Archaeological Journey, St. Petersburg, 1909, 308 pp. +13 illustrations.

4

Ivanov , J. Bulgarian Antiquities in Macedonia, Sofia, 1908. with the relevant additional notes5. This necessitated the publication of the diary in 1916 to be accompanied by additional notes that the author kept about the relevant cultural and historical monuments.

     B. Filov's diary from 1916 was written in ink in two small format notebooks, a total of 209 pages6. The notes on the individual leaflets relating to the mission in Macedonia are about 400. 200 of them are written in ink and prepared in advance. There are also about 200 leaflets written in pencil and kept as field notes. There are also pre-prepared and written in ink sheets, on which additional notes and clarifications are made with a pencil. To understand what careful preparation has been done, it is enough to mention that such pre-written leaflets, on which B. Filov makes the necessary checks at the individual sites and has not made any corrections, are 55 for Skopje and 41 for Ohrid. , for Bitola - 33.

     We publish proposals for printing a diary with modern spelling. The data from the individual leaflets, all from a. f. 26, are inserted to the respective pages in straight lines, indicating from which sheet they are. However, the texts of the Greek and Latin inscriptions have been omitted from them, as they are not directly related to Bulgarian history, and are also published in special corpora. In the same way, those old Bulgarian inscriptions were published, which were published by Y. Ivanov in his work "Bulgarian Antiquities in Macedonia" (hereinafter the second edition from 1931 and the phototype from 1970 are quoted everywhere). font names of settlements are underlined in the text by B. Filov and refer to sites that he has visited and studied.

TRAVEL IN MACEDONIA 12. VII. 1916—12. IX. 1916

(scientific mission sent by the Headquarters of the Active Army)

    Sofia. 12. VII. Wednesday. We left with Yordan Ivanov1, accompanied by our two regulars, but we returned from the station because a machine had derailed in front of the Sugar Factory2 and the line was damaged. We didn't know if we would leave until 12 o'clock, there was so little disposition in the management of the railway! Finally, they announced that there would be no training until tomorrow morning, 8 o'clock. The traffic is interrupted for 24 hours, between the capital and the Headquarters3 during hostilities. 5 NBCM-BIA, f. 209, a. e. 26, pp. 1—655. 6 P a k tam, a. e. 28, pp. 210—325.

    13. VII. Thursday.We left at 8 o'clock together with Ivanov and Zlatarski 4, who separated from us from Radomir. At the station in Radomir there were thousands of bullock carts, which are now dismantled and loaded on wagons for the interior of the country, as they no longer use them, but the decoy line. We arrived in Kyustendil at 12 o'clock in the afternoon. Compared to yesterday's heat (38 ° in the shade), today was relatively cool. Gadjanov5 also came up from Gorna Banya, carrying a tin jug in his hand! A good picture was presented by Gajan Effendi with a teapot! We ordered a car to be given to us at the Headquarters for tomorrow, and we had to send the regulars back by rail through Radomir.

     Curved meadow. 14. VII. Friday.Only me and Ivanov left at 6 o'clock in the morning by car. In Barakovo, Major Kotsev had to wait for us and take us further with his car, but he stayed in Gorna Dzhumaya 6, so we continued our way to the station on the decoy line behind this town. There we also cooked Zlatarski, who was also waiting for vehicles. After 2 hours of waiting, because there were no trucks, we took permission by phone from Headquarters to continue our journey by the same car * to Krupnik, where we stopped in a very nice place by a river at the camp of the car department. Ivanov went to the village to gather some information about his past. The devil line has already been completed to Krupnik (until 2-3 days ago it went only to Gorna Dzhumaya). After dinner at 10 o'clock we left with a truck together with Major Kotsev for Kriva livada 6 and passed the Kresna gorge in good moonlight. Recently, a truck fell from the Kresna bridge and the driver killed himself, while another passenger from Kyustendil remained healthy, as well as the driver's assistant. We also saw the driver's grave next to the bridge. We slept in Kriva Livada, which really has electric lighting now, but the buildings are not as numerous as I was described to impress the whole city. We also saw the driver's grave next to the bridge. We slept in Kriva Livada, which really has electric lighting now, but the buildings are not as numerous as I was described to impress the whole city. We also saw the driver's grave next to the bridge. We slept in Kriva Livada, which really has electric lighting now, but the buildings are not as numerous as I was described to impress the whole city.     Levunovo. 15. VII. Saturday.At 10 1/2 o'clock in the morning we arrived by car together with Zlatarski in Levunovo at the headquarters of the 2nd Army and immediately reported to General Todorov, who received us very kindly. We eat together with the whole headquarters, and they gave us a separate room in their barracks, specially prepared for guests. In general, they are very well settled in wooden huts. Due to the great heat (47 ° in the shade!) They had started to cover the barracks with reeds, but since yesterday the heat was not so strong. In the afternoon together with Gen. Todorov and Captain Bogdanoa went out with 2 cars on the tour. In Kromidovo7 the fountain had a marble capital made of pilaster, which was adapted as the trough of the fountain, decorated with egg ornaments and acanthus leaves8. It was brought from Dolno Spanchevo. From Roman times. At Katuntsi, when they were building the bridge over Bistritsa in April this year, they found the ruins, apparently, of a church we visited. The road that runs across the bridge appears to have cut off the northwest corner of the church. The walls are 80 cm thick and are built of river stones with lime without crushed tiles. It is noteworthy that the foundations are laid very shallowly. The floor was mosaic placed on a pavement of small river stones with a thick layer of mortar on them. The mortar is mixed with very finely hammered tiles. The mosaic cubes have a side of about 1.5 cm and are not very regular. There are mainly white (marble and quartz) and gray-bluish (limestone), in addition reddish (quartz) and gray-greenish of a weaker stone (mixed with clay), as a result, they are much more destroyed. The mosaic forms the following figures: [fig. I].

Fig. 1 The

     white curbs are of two rows of pebbles, the gray-bluish ones of one row; the dark fields have only one white stone in the middle. The church is about 12 m wide; its length cannot be determined. From the preserved southwest corner it appears that it also had a vestibule. It appears to be of the same type as that of Hisarlaka at Nevrokop. The church is located at a height above the river, on its left bank. Many pieces of broken bricks can be seen at the same height9. The current village is located opposite, on the right bank of the river. It is said to have been a fairground until recently.

     Then we went to the village of Singel10, where there is an old bath with very nice mineral water (about 38 °), very abundant. There are 3 large spouts in the bathroom, so the water is constantly clear. Other water flows outside the bathroom. Dr. As. Keremenchiev, whom we cooked here, had another old pool with a fourth shape (the current one is also a quarter) cleaned up behind the current bathroom. We took a bath. There were large iron mines in this village, which were developed 20 years ago, and now there is a lot of slag around, which they use to fill the roads. The village lies in the former Greek territory. Here we were very close to the positions that are on the peaks (next to Alibotush), but it does not seem that they are so close. We passed only 2 large military ovens and met a Polish battery returning from the fortification at Dragotin11, where it was replaced by another. The surroundings of the village seem quite rich and there is a lot of water, as a result of which the corn was very good despite the great drought.

    16. VII. Sunday.We left at 8 o'clock with Ivanov and Zlatarski for Melnik, but it was raining heavily (it hadn't rained here since May 30), so we had to go back because the car couldn't move on the clay road. In general, the military has built many roads in the area, but because they are not filled with gravel, they will be difficult to use in rainy weather. Since I had nothing to do, I began to make a plan of the church in Velusa, from which I had taken a sketch on my first trip. The weather improved in the morning, so in the afternoon we went again to Melnik, where we arrived at 5 o'clock. When we entered the city, the car was seriously damaged (the rear axle had broken). In Melnik I took a few pictures (by the way, of the monastery "St. Spiridon", which is located above a scree). We visited the church "St. Nikola "(at the diocese) and we looked at the wine cellars of Georgi Tsintsarov, the largest in Melnik, which represent a whole labyrinth. The largest barrel at the entrance collected 240 loads of grapes (100 oki). There is also a fountain in the cellar. The house is made in 1758, however, is not very solid and not interesting as a building.The current ruler was formerly a servant in the same house, married a Bulgarian maid and conquered the property after its Greek owner fled during the war in 1913 There are only 150 houses left in the town now, and there used to be about 2000. There was a little wine left in Georgi Tsintsara's house, which was bought by a bartender. All other wine was now drunk by the army. We bought a bilinik12 wine to bring to the general. I put away the three icons I had left with the mayor when I first came to Melnik. We had dinner in Melnik with cheese and halva, because the car we had telegraphed for in Levunovo was delayed and arrived only at 10 1/2 o'clock (our telegram was received in Levunovo only at 9 o'clock, and besides, the car was delayed because in the dark he could not find a place to cross the river at the ruined bridge). On the way back we met another truck with an officer sent by the general to see why we were late. We did not return until about 12 o'clock. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. We bought a bilinik12 wine to bring to the general. I put away the three icons I had left with the mayor when I first came to Melnik. We had dinner in Melnik with cheese and halva, because the car we had telegraphed for in Levunovo was delayed and arrived only at 10 1/2 o'clock (our telegram was received in Levunovo only at 9 o'clock, and besides, the car was delayed because in the dark he could not find a place to cross the river at the ruined bridge). On the way back we met another truck with an officer sent by the general to see why we were late. We did not return until about 12 o'clock. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. We bought a bilinik12 wine to bring to the general. I put away the three icons I had left with the mayor when I first came to Melnik. We had dinner in Melnik with cheese and halva, because the car we had telegraphed for in Levunovo was delayed and arrived only at 10 1/2 o'clock (our telegram was received in Levunovo only at 9 o'clock, and besides, the car was delayed because in the dark he could not find a place to cross the river at the ruined bridge). On the way back we met another truck with an officer sent by the general to see why we were late. We returned only at 12 o'clock. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. which I had left with the mayor when I first came to Melnik. We had dinner in Melnik with cheese and halva, because the car we had telegraphed for in Levunovo was delayed and arrived only at 10 1/2 o'clock (our telegram was received in Levunovo only at 9 o'clock, and besides, the car was delayed because in the dark he could not find a place to cross the river at the ruined bridge). On the way back we met another truck with an officer sent by the general to see why we were late. We did not return until about 12 o'clock. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. which I had left with the mayor when I first came to Melnik. We had dinner in Melnik with cheese and halva, because the car we had telegraphed for in Levunovo was delayed and arrived only at 10 1/2 o'clock (our telegram was received in Levunovo only at 9 o'clock, and besides, the car was delayed because in the dark he could not find a place to cross the river at the ruined bridge). On the way back we met another truck with an officer sent by the general to see why we were late. We returned only at 12 o'clock. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. delayed and arrived only at 10 1/2 o'clock (our telegram was received in Levunovo only at 9 o'clock, and besides, the car was delayed because in the dark it could not find a place to cross the river at the broken bridge). On the way back we met another truck with an officer sent by the general to see why we were late. We returned only at 12 o'clock. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. delayed and arrived only at 10 1/2 o'clock (our telegram was received in Levunovo only at 9 o'clock, and besides, the car was delayed because in the dark it could not find a place to cross the river at the broken bridge). On the way back we met another truck with an officer sent by the general to see why we were late. We returned only at 12 o'clock. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations. The general was still waiting for us in front of his barracks. In general, his kindness to us exceeds all my expectations.

    17. VII. Monday.In the morning, after sending Zlatarski to the headquarters of the 6th Division, we left with Colonel Dobrevski in a car for Rupel13. Along the way we asked about the ruins, which are listed in the Austrian map under Dragotin, but we could not find them. There may be a map error. The village of Rupel is purely Bulgarian with 20-30 houses. I took pictures of a threshing floor. "Gradishteto" is located on a lonely hill between the village and Struma, about 30-40 m high above the river. On it now is a ruined Turkish tower, built in modern times on its highest part. Below you can see the foundations of another fourth building (about 4 x 4 m), built of quarry stones and mortar without tiles.It seems to be older.In addition, there are pieces of old flat bricks, about 2 cm thick. We could not find any other remains of walls that surrounded the top. The hill is elongated with a north-south direction, about 150 meters long and no more than 20 m wide. A little higher, to the southeast, there is an open mineral spring, which serves as a bath. The rocky bank of the Struma descends in this area very vertical near the river, leaving barely room for the road, and Ivanov suggests that it was here that Duke Dragota blocked the road with a wall during the uprising against the Byzantines in 1258 (?) 14. this to the baths above Demirhisar, which are quite warm and so we did not bathe. They have two pools, and the water from one flows into the other. Here we were already in front of our front lines, without this being noticeable, not counting some of the posts placed here and there for observation. We also saw a cast iron bridge over the Struma, which I photographed. To the south of it is now another wooden bridge, guarded by our soldiers. We also saw the wire nets to the left and right of the road. On the right bank of the river we occupy the whole valley all the way to the foot of Krusha mountain, although our real positions are on the slopes of Belasitsa. From the plain our people gather hay and cereals without being disturbed too much by the Anglo-French. On the left bank of the river our positions are located on the heights above the station of Demirhisar, and the plain is in the hands of the Greeks. After taking a look from the heights and at the station, which is still occupied by the Greeks, we set out to return. We stopped at the headquarters of the 7th Rila Division, where we were very well received by the division chief Gen. Vassilev, Colonels Sirmanov, Parikarov and others. Here also came Lieutenant Colonel Kaishev, who now commanded the 54th Regiment and with whom I knew from the headquarters of the 1st Army. We stayed for lunch, which was very cheerful and plentiful. We had sardines, lamb soup, fried fish, moussaka with blue aubergines, pancakes and watermelon. In general, lunch, which would be difficult to get in Sofia now. The officers here are very well installed in huts built of hedges and plastered on the outside with clay and whitewashed on the inside. They also made a dugout in the ground against grenades, in which they were now cooling a barrel of beer. It's pretty narrow, just for the officers, and is located on the slope, 7-8 m below the ground. Here are the three Greek cannons from the Dragotin fortifications, with which the Greeks shot and wounded 4 Bulgarians and 2 Germans during the capture of the Rupel gorge by ours. We photographed them. Both are large 15-centimeter field cannons, and the other is usually Polish. According to the conditions of the surrender of the fortification, the cannons were to be left to the Greeks. However, because they could not withdraw them, ours did not hand them over to them afterwards, and the question of them remains unresolved. In the afternoon we went back to Levunozo and met the funeral of the feldfebel, who had been killed by thunder last night in the mountains as he lay in his tent. At the headquarters of the 7th Division I was given both bronze bracelets, found during the excavations of the church near Katuntsi. The coins, also found there, had not yet been received by the division.

     I was told that when ours captured the Rupel gorge, the Greeks started firing from the Dragotin fortification. Ours did not respond and stopped the offensive on the road for a while, but intensified it on the surrounding vnsochip, "who ruled over the fortification. The officer later explained that he had no orders to surrender the fort, but they assumed that he was a Weniselian and therefore did not want to obey. In the afternoon we went again with General Singel to take a bath.

     Prince Kiril is also in Levunovo, but he does not come to eat with us because his stomach is broken. The road to Singel turns off the road at the bridge, where the road crosses the Bistritsa River. The Greek border used to be here. To the right of the road are extensive vegetable gardens that are run by soldiers.

    18. VII. Tuesday.Ivanov and I left at 9 o'clock by car for the headquarters of the 11th Division near Novo Selo near Strumica. On the road quite busy traffic. There were still a large number of abandoned ox cars near Petrich. At the Maricostino baths15, above the building, two abandoned mounds can be seen at the height. Also, another large mound with a regular shape to the north of the baths (the first are to the west) seems to be artificial. We arrived at the headquarters at 11 o'clock and were received by Major Dobrudjanski, as the chief of the division, Gen. Zla-tarev was absent. Here we found Dr. Jamdzhiev and architect Donkov, and Pancho, who was also at the headquarters, went on vacation to Sofia that day. In the afternoon Donkov and I went on horseback to the village of Klyuch, where the reserve lieutenant K. Kondov told us about Samuel's fortification on the banks of the Strumica River, which we went to see. It is located at the confluence of the river, which passes through Klyuch, in Strumica, on its left bank. The fortification is a natural hill, about 40 m high, which on the northern side to the river Strumica descends steeply and rocky down. It has a diameter of about 300 m. It is surrounded by two parallel ditches one above the other, up to 3 m wide and now about 2 m deep, overgrown with dense shrubs and trees. The first ditch is located almost at the base of the hill, and the second in the middle. At the top the plateau is surrounded by a dry row of stone domains, which in places is preserved up to 2 m in height and is about 2-2.5 m thick. The wall is also overgrown with trees (beech and oak), as a result it cannot be measured accurately. It appears to form a polygon with an irregular shape [fig. 2]. I took the measures in steps, but they are not accurate. The east wall is about 150 steps, the north should be about 100 steps, the west about 120 and the south about 80. Donkov and Dobrudzhanski promised to take an accurate picture. The fortification is located in the narrowest place of the valley and is only about 100 m away from the opposite slopes of Ograzhden mountain. Between it and the mountain there is only room for the river and the road16. The fortification is very well visible from above and it can be seen that to the south of Belasitsa it continues naturally through steep screes. The village of Klyuch is now very scattered, so houses are almost invisible. In Turkish times it was inhabited only by Turks and had about 300 houses. It is now home to about 70 migrant families from the vicinity of Kukush17.

    19. VII. Wednesday.At 9 o'clock in the morning we left in a carriage for Kolarovo, where the horses were waiting for us to get on Belasitsa. We were walking on the new military road to Demirkapu. In the middle of the road between the meadow Atalan and Demirkapu we saw the excavations made by the young Chilev. Several buildings with obscure shapes and narrow auxiliary, built of stone and mud domains, were found, as a result of which they easily disintegrated. There are also 4 graves with a regular elongated shape, surrounded by stones [......................] Fig.2 and covered with large stone slabs. One of the graves, about 1.50 m long, was empty, without a skeleton. In the other 3, skeletons of elderly people were found, but without any other objects. During the excavations were found: a clay Roman lamp from a late era; a bronze coin slightly larger than 1 lev, on the reverse with the letter K (large), and the face completely erased; a small bronze coin, completely erased, the thickness of which seems to be early Byzantine; pieces of broken stone vessel (gray-blue talc-like stone) with square vertical handles [fig. З]. The buildings continue on the other side of the road (the ones found so far are to the left of the road, going up). Chilev will try to dig them up as well. Fig. З The buildings continue on the other side of the road (the ones found so far are to the left of the road, going up). Chilev will try to dig them up as well. Fig. З The buildings continue on the other side of the road (the ones found so far are to the left of the road, going up). Chilev will try to dig them up as well. Fig. З

     We went up to Demirkapu, from where you can see the whole valley between Belasitsa and Krusha Mountain, where the French positions are, and then we went to the Headquarters of the 3rd Brigade of the 11th Macedonian Division. Brigadier Colonel Protogerov was absent, and was replaced by Colonel Banov, commander of the 5th Macedonian Regiment, who received us very kindly. The Chief of Staff of the brigade is Captain Radev, also a very kind and intelligent young man. Here we also found Captain Popov, the artilleryman, Pancho's brother, who is the chief of staff of the partisan detachments. We climbed to the positions and watched with the observation tube opposite the French positions. Their significant camps can be seen at the foot of Krusha Mountain, between it and Butkovo Lake, which is almost entirely overgrown with reeds. The weather was so cold that in the "dining room" (the big dugout) they had lit a fire on the hearth, which was constantly smoking. We slept in Protogerov's tent.

    20. VII. Thursday.This morning at 5 1/2 o'clock our first airplane appeared, which was going to Petrich, and shortly after that an enemy airplane appeared. Batteries and machine guns immediately began firing at him, but without affecting him. Then we learned that he threw a bomb at the village of Klyuch without causing damage. At 7 1/2 o'clock we walked along the ridge of Belasitsa, accompanied by support. Bankov and at 10 1/2 o'clock we arrived at the headquarters of the 2nd Brigade with Colonel Naumov, a native of Prilep. We had lunch with the officers. In the afternoon we went up to the positions and took a very good look at the French fortifications and barracks at Duvattepe, where they had heavy artillery and from where, 2-3 days ago, they threw two shells all the way over Klyuch across the mountain. We went down the road through Koynare, which is the widest and is also made for cars. Earlier here (near the top of Tumba) there was only a narrow path that came out of Matnitsa-Shugovo (in the southern slopes of Belasitsa) and descended to Koynare. This road was the most convenient for the passage of Belasitsa in this area and it was usually followed by the guerrillas in Turkish times. Probably the Byzantines, who bypassed Samuel, also went this way, because in the relevant document about the battle it was said (according to Ivanov) that they started from Matnitsa18.

     At 6 o'clock we returned to the headquarters of the 11th Division and introduced ourselves to its chief, Gen. Zlatarev, who returned last night. In addition, we have now found here Colonel Venedikov, lieutenant colonel of the division's artillery. In the evening we stayed up late and had fun with the tricks arranged by Dr. Jamdzhiev and Major Dobrudzhanski, both great masters.

     Belasitsa has wonderful forests. Its northern skirts are also densely forested, especially with chestnut and linden trees.

    Strumica. 21. VII. Friday.This morning they came to the headquarters of the gen division. Todorov and Prince Cyril. At 10 o'clock Ivanov and I left by car for Strumica, stopping for lunch in Novo Selo at the quartermaster of the division, lieutenant colonel. Ivanov (from the engineering troops). We arrived in Strumica at 2 o'clock and saw Zlatarski, who was just leaving for Udovo. We then went on horseback to Velusa and Vodocha , where I made some corrections to the church plans and took some more pictures19. On the way it rained quite heavily, which slowed us down a bit, so we left Vodocha at 8 1/2 o'clock and returned to Strumica in the dark20.

    Demirkapiya21. 22. VII. Saturday.This morning we continued our journey with the same car to Udovo. From Valandovo we stopped in Evit Hisar, which is located near the village of Mravintsi, on the extreme hill to the coast of Vardara. On the hill above there is a level measuring about 100 x 200 m, which in its eastern part passes into other hills. On its eastern side are preserved 2 parts of a wall 1.60 m thick, and the pieces are now 4-5 meters long. They are built of quarry stones and mortar, in which there are few but large broken tiles. On the other sides of the fort the walls are not visible, but their foundations are visible deeper in the trenches made here during the war. Probably they were completely destroyed because of the stones. Numerous pieces of bricks and broken pottery can be seen on the slopes of the hill. The village of Miletkovo is located on the opposite bank of Vardar. At this place the Germans were just building a wooden bridge across the Vardar. At 2 1/2 o'clock we left with a train forDevdirkapu, where we arrived at 4 o'clock. We took permission from the German officer (ours is not here) to take a closer look at Demir-kapia and the new tunnel named after Mackenzen. He gave us one of their railway soldiers, who accompanied us. We took some pictures from the narrowest part of the gorge, which here is more than 80 meters wide. We asked some people here about the area. It turned out to be the following. During the construction of the new line for the Mackenzen Tunnel, several graves were found, built of bricks and mortar without tiles, partly of stone and covered with tiles. Some coins, red pottery, jars and skeletons were found in them (this was also told to us by the German soldiers who were still digging at this place). A relief plate was also found, which the Germans took to Sks-Pie yesterday. Also, 6-7 years ago, a relief was found in this place, which was taken to Thessaloniki. The area that lies next to the line, on the right bank of the Vardar, was called Yaningrad. Above it rises first a small rocky hill, where you can see some walls of limestone. It is about 30 m high. Behind it is another much higher peak (about 200 m), which ends with a level above, descends rocky to Vardar and is overgrown with dense bushes. It looks a lot like the Acropolis at Philippi. The place above was called Ravnishte and there were traces of old buildings. All these places are located on the right bank of the Vardar, at the mouth of the river Boshava, also on its right bank. At the opposite heights, on the left bank of the Vardar, there was an old church, which has been preserved along with its roof, but had no frescoes. It was called "St. Sunday was now deserted. According to the legend through Vardar, from one rock of Demirkapia to the other in ancient times there was a bridge on chains, which was passed from one side of the river to the other, so that from Ravnishte on the bridge you could go straight to Traces of this bridge can still be seen in the rocks, but we did not have time to go up to check. which near the station in the village of Hamam Chiflik to visit the non-commissioned officers of the transport echelon, which was recommended to us by Lieutenant Colonel Atanasov, with whom we met by chance at the commandant of Udovo. The farm is owned by two brothers, one of whom escaped and part of it was taken from the state as vacant property, while the other brother was in Skopje and came to collect his half of the peasants, who took the other half but worked for free. The village houses, which are very poor and dirty, are located around a spacious yard, at the end of which is the bay tower. who take the other half but work for free. The village houses, which are very poor and dirty, are located around a spacious yard, at the end of which is the bay tower. who take the other half but work for free. The village houses, which are very poor and dirty, are located around a spacious yard, at the end of which is the bay tower.

    Negotin. 23. VII. Sunday.This morning we went through Yankov Chiflik to Buldur Chiflik, where we were told that there were some stones with inscriptions in the church. Both of these farms are reminiscent of a hammam farm. Their population is Bulgarian. The church at Buldur Chiflik lies secluded for about 5 minutes east of the village; according to the inscription on the north door on the side, it was built and painted in 1879 by two brothers from Krushevo. The inscription is important because it is in Bulgarian (I have a transcript) 23. In the churchyard we saw a marble Ionian capital (I photographed it). [L. 409: dimensions 53 x 45 cm, 12 cm high], as well as a Greek inscription, broken into several pieces, from which it is established that the name of Yaningrad was Titepyup (I took a transcript and a photograph, it was published). Another Greek tombstone inscription is walled up in the north door of the church (snow spear). [L. 410: Built on the side of the north door of the church (5 minutes east of the farm) limestone in the form of an altar, profiled above and around the inscription, 88 high, 35 wide, 27 cm thick; Greek inscription, 7 lines, height of the letters 3 cm.] I ordered the pieces of the first inscription to be kept in Nede Traikov's house, promising to give him a reward when he was sent to Sofia, especially if he found his other pieces. We returned straight to the station, and as the throne was leaving for Negotin at that time, we ascended to it without lunch, although the soldiers of the Hamam Chiflik echelon had prepared yoghurt for us, which was very tempting. They have also arranged a nice vegetable garden, so they always have fresh greens. In general, the valley of Boshava is very fertile and beautiful, especially when viewed from the height at which the church at Hamam Chiflik is located. We arrived in Negotin at the stop St. Georgi just at 12 o'clock and we had to walk to the city, which is about 1/2 hour away, to find the commandant and send a car for luggage. The town is quite lively, although a large part of it, namely the Turkish quarter, was burned by the Serbs before 1912. The surroundings of the town make a sad impression with its completely bare sandy hills, the rooms do not even have bushes. The town itself is nestled in a valley and is also almost without greenery. It now has about 2,000 inhabitants, all local people. Until recently, there were many refugees from the Doyran and Gevgelija regions, who were now sent to the villages. The commandant here was at the same time an agronomist, a reserve lieutenant. There are no parts of us here. We saw them sell wild pears for BGN 2 per eye, and the sugar was BGN 14 per eye! Our luggage arrived only at 4 o'clock with an ox car with 2 wheels, which was sent to the bus stop to pick it up, so we had lunch only at 5 o'clock. We then went to the monastery "St. Georgi ", which is located about 2 km northeast of Negotin and where refugees from Doiran now live. There is only one old monk. The church was built from 1860-1866" with the dependence of the people from the town of Negotino ". It was painted by "X. Koste Krestov Zograf's son, a native of Veles ", who began writing on 26. III. 1875 and completed it on 31. V. 1875 (All this information according to the inscription on the door). Icons are most of the new age. On the icon "St. George "on the iconostasis to the left of the Holy Mother of God is an inscription at the bottom left with regular, thin, nicely drawn letters [Fig. 4] (the inscription is in one line). on the other hand [Fig. 5] 23. On the right is another inscription in 3 lines, which is written more casually by another hand [fig. 5] 23. On the right is another inscription in 3 lines, which is written more casually by another hand [fig. 5] 23.

     The church has 3 domes with wooden structures on high drums. Inside there are three columns in two rows and there the iconostasis rests on the two easternmost ones. However, the arches are lowered as for five columns so [fig. 6].

     From there I went alone with the soldier to Gradishte, which is located about 2 km north of the city, on the right bank of the Vardar, and it is on {} Fig. {} Fig. 6 the middle of the big arc, which forms here the river between the stop St. Georgi and Krivolak station. This is a hill, perfectly flat at the top, about 40 m high above the river, which descends steeply on all sides. It offers a very nice view of all sides. The top level is about 300 m long and about 100 m wide, with a direction from northwest to southeast. It was completely surrounded by a wall, which is now completely destroyed by the stones, so that in its place now appears something like a moat. It is built of quarry stones with mortar without crushed tiles, but with coarse sand in it. There are also hewn stones in the form of bricks, which are unusually strong and are made partly of greenish stone, similar to trachyte24, partly of very strong reddish sandstone. There are many pieces of broken pottery, well baked, quite thin, topped with a nice black varnish 25 as in terra sigillata26. I also found two small pieces with remnants of relief images, which show that there really was a terra sigillata here. There are other vessels, with a matte reddish color (the natural color of baked clay), with ornaments painted with brown paint, which indicate perhaps an even older era. partly from very strong reddish sandstone. There are many pieces of broken pottery, well baked, quite thin, topped with a nice black varnish 25 as in terra sigillata26. I also found two small pieces with remnants of relief images, which show that there really was a terra sigillata here. There are other vessels, with a matte reddish color (the natural color of baked clay), with ornaments painted with brown paint, which indicate perhaps an even older era. partly from very strong reddish sandstone. There are many pieces of broken pottery, well baked, quite thin, topped with a nice black varnish 25 as in terra sigillata26. I also found two small pieces with remnants of relief images, which show that there really was a terra sigillata here. There are other vessels, with a matte reddish color (the natural color of baked clay), with ornaments painted with brown paint, which indicate perhaps an even older era.

     In the courtyard of the mosque in Negotin there is a stone in the form of a fourth, above profiled altar of reddish limestone, which was probably brought from the fort. A plaque with an inscription and reliefs was found a few years ago and sent to Thessaloniki.

    Kavadarci. 24. VII. Monday.We sent our luggage with the only spring car we could find here, which is a real trash car with one horse, only there are seats and springs. We waited for the cabriolet from Kavadarci, for which we had telegraphed to the district governor. While we waited, we talked to some Doyrans, of whom there are about 260 families here, and all the fugitives were about 1180 families. Many complain that they were not fed enough and that everything was very expensive. They received 1-2 kg of corn per person per day, which they had to take care of themselves to grind in the mills and bake in the oven. About 40 people died from their arrival here, but most of them were old and weak. From Doyran, our authorities picked them up and did not allow them to take much with them. They later learned that their furniture had been looted by their own militia, which they left to guard; especially looted was their copper, which is now sold at a very high price. Very strict measures have now been taken to preserve their property and there are no more robberies. Many are dissatisfied with Negotin and want to send them to a bigger city. By the way, nothing works here today, although it is a weekday, the cafe is full of Doyrans, who play cards from morning till night. The convertible that was going to drive us to Kavadarci arrived only at 1 o'clock, so in Kavadarci we arrived only at 2 1/2 o'clock. We passed through the village of Marena, with 60-70 houses, partly Pomak, partly Bulgarian. Kavadarci has about 6,000 inhabitants, some of whom are Pomaks, most of the rest are Turks. The town looks like a large village with several larger bay houses. The large government building (konak) was completely destroyed by the Serbs. They found us a good place to stay with local Bulgarian merchants, and for food we will go to the district governor Gyuro Nikolov, who owns a farm and a cook.

    25. VII. Tuesday.I had a very bad night because of the unbearable numerous flies and I could hardly sleep. I fell asleep just before dawn, when the flies had already disappeared. We went out around the city for a while, took some pictures and then went to the church "St. Dimitar ", built in 1838 [L. 407: In the yard of the church" St. Dimitar "tombstone of gray limestone, height 153, width 55, thickness 8 cm, top with a triangular pediment27, in it under a round arch with 2 columns of three roughly made female figures, below them in the fourth field a kosher and a digger with two ends [fig. 7], below it in a separate field Greek inscription, 7 lines, height of the letters 5 cm, the last line 3 cm; excavated in the fields around Kavadarci. —L. 408: In the school yard, now in the county office, marble slab 66 cm high, 65 wide, 9 cm thick, profiled below with 4 figures (first and third women, second and fourth men), their right hands are on their chests, their left ones hold the end of the mantle, all have a right Spielbein28, clothing and mantle, men in sandals, the first female figure with a headscarf; top 2, bottom 3, Zapfenlocher29 (on the ledge).] The older icons are from 1839-1841. In the western part of the outer narthex is the tombstone of priest Angelov Popovich, who was exiled. 8 (snow transcript) 30. It was very hot today, but there was a little rain in the afternoon. and cool down. In the evening we went to Vatasha, where 60-70 years ago there was a printing house and where the famous teacher Kamche was active. Church of the Assumption was built in 1817. The icon "Assumption" is from 1819 by the painter Krasto from Veles (I took a copy of the whole inscription). The painting of the church is from 1876 by a certain Hadji Koste (the same one who painted "St. Georgi "at Negotin; see above under 23. VII). The caption has been partially deleted recently. An antique tombstone with an inscription [L. 404: the church "Assumption", built on the left side of the road door a tombstone of limestone 93 cm high, 38 cm wide, found in the area "Vrachvata" (found springs) 32 to the village of Moklishte, above 3 acrotera33, the middle with fir thread, the side with palmettes34, on the side [fig. 8]; below them the fourth field with two male and one female figure, makes an ep {ase, the female with a veil, right hands on chest, left lowered; all three with a mantle (the woman and a chiton) 35; rough style; under the figures Greek inscription, 8 lines, height of the letters 2.5-3 cm]; there was another such stone in front of the church; I took transcripts of both, and photographed the second.

    26. VII. Wednesday.Today we broke up with Ivanov. He left for Rozhden, and I went with the forest inspector Petrov to the Polog Monastery. We were supposed to leave at 6 o'clock in the morning, but the horses did not arrive until 9 o'clock. At 11 o'clock we arrived in Resava, where according to the map there were some ruins. It turned out that there was a significant Roman settlement here. In the village itself we saw Roman tombstones, which I copied and photographed. {L. 394: On the staircase of the school in the churchyard a tombstone of limestone, above the inscription a relief triangular pediment, below roughly dressed a horse, in front of it a vague object; Greek inscription, 4 lines, letters 5.5 cm. - L. 395: Walled in the wall of the house of Alexi Klincharov sandstone tombstone, height 55, width 49, thickness 13 cm; in the fourth field man, 2 women, man; right hands on chest, left put; very rough work; Greek inscription, 3 lines, height of the letters 3 cm. —L. 396: Tombstone walled up in the wall of Alexi Klincharov's house, 77 cm high, 48 cm wide, 10 cm thick, broken off from below in aedecula3's round arch (two columns); from left to right a man, a child on a pedestal and two women, the right hands on the chest, the left lowered holding the end of the mantles; at the bottom of the profiled field Greek inscription, 5 lines, height of the letters 2.5 cm.—L. 397: In front of the main door of the church "St. Archangel Michael "limestone slab, height 97, width 49, thickness 18 cm, with 10 lines of Greek inscription; the letters: the first 2 lines — 5 cm, the others - 3 cm, the last 2 lines - 2 cm, and very shallow and irregularly engraved .. - L. 398: A limestone column driven into the churchyard, 76 cm high, profiled on top, profile diameter 30 cm, Greek inscription, 10 rows, letters 3 cm; another column there again, 72 cm high. 9 L. 399: On the fountain above the village a tombstone of reddish limestone, height 67, width 40, thickness 10 cm; Greek inscription, 7 lines, irregularly slightly engraved letters, 2.5 cm high - L. 402: On the threshold of Angelyu Stavrov's house a sandstone slab, on top and probably on the left of a broken one, 63 cm high, 79 wide, 10 cm thick ; dug in the field east of the village in a tomb in which there was glass; Greek inscription, 3 lines, irregular letters, 6 cm.] The church “Arch. Michael "was built and consecrated according to the inscription on the pulpit37 in 1840, and was painted in 1881. I made a copy of the inscription for the painting (painted by Vangel, Nikola and Kosta Anastasovichi from Krushevo). [L. 403: Built in 1840 according to the inscription on the pulpit and consecrated the same year; the inscription above the north door of the church from the inside [fig. 9]. Then the village priest took us to see the monastery, which he thought was about 15 minutes away from the village. However, it turned out that it was far more than 1/2 hour and we had to walk the road at the highest heat from 12 to 2 hours (with the return). The monastery is located in a fertile valley along the river, which passes through Resava, near the place where it flows into the river Cherna, on its left bank. Interestingly, this place is called by the villagers Tiknesh. The monastery itself is a small dilapidated building, 5.60 x 2.56 m, with walls 70 cm thick. It is built of quarry stones, partly mixed with bricks, and mortar without tiles. Its frescoes have Greek inscriptions. Its roof has been torn down. On the very bank of the Cherna River rises a hill, 40-50 m high, which has two terraces on top, one of which is higher at the very top. Both were surrounded by strong walls, of which many remains have been preserved. The walls were 3.50 m thick, built of stone domains and mortar without tiles. This place was called the City, and the fortifications - Mark's Towers. We had lunch in the village at the priest's house, and since it was late, we decided to abandon going to the Polog monastery, all the more so because Stoilov38 had already gone to it. In the afternoon we went to the vineyards northeast of the village, where Roman tombstones were found. In a vineyard we saw 3 more of them, recently excavated together with pieces of large Roman tiles, as they were used for graves. In general, graves with such tiles were found in this area. In the graves there were often glass jars and "pitchers". [L. 393: In the vineyard of priest Ivan Gelev, now of Traiko Vassilev, a tombstone made of sandstone, 99 high, 46 wide, 12 cm thick, broken off above; above the inscription aepsi1a with round arch and two columns, in it a man and 2 women ep facet, very rough, Greek inscription, 7 lines, regular deep letters, 4 cm.— L; 400: In the vineyard of priest Ivan Gelev, now of Traiko Vassilev, tombstone sandstone slab, broken off at the top, 105 high, 49 wide, 9 cm thick, Greek inscription, 4 lines, careless letters, 6 cm. Again there is a tombstone made of sandstone, broken in two, 105 cm high, 40 cm wide, 11 cm thick, the upper right corner broken off, on top with a rounded arch, a man and 2 women almost erased; Greek inscription, 8 lines, careless letters, 2 cm. - L. 401: In the levels of Ivan Aleksov (under the vineyards) a limestone tombstone, 167 high, 59 wide, 16 cm thick, plastic triangular front tone on top, Zapfenstuck39 below , under the pediment 4 partly battered figures; Greek inscription, 6 lines, letters regular shallowly indented, 4.5 cm, the last 2 lines - 3.5 cm.] careless letters, 2 cm. - L. 401: In the levels of Ivan Aleksov (under the vines) a limestone tombstone, 167 high, 59 wide, 16 cm thick, plastic triangular pediment on top, Zapfenstuck39 below, 4 partly battered below the pediment figures; Greek inscription, 6 lines, letters regular shallowly indented, 4.5 cm, the last 2 lines - 3.5 cm.] careless letters, 2 cm. - L. 401: In the levels of Ivan Aleksov (under the vines) a limestone tombstone, 167 high, 59 wide, 16 cm thick, plastic triangular pediment on top, Zapfenstuck39 below, 4 partly battered under the pediment figures; Greek inscription, 6 lines, letters regular shallowly indented, 4.5 cm, the last 2 lines - 3.5 cm.]

     From the ruins of the left bank of the Resavska River, near the bank of the Black River (the town and the monastery), it can be seen that there used to be a significant town here. His name is still preserved in the name of this place - Tikvesh. From there it probably got its name and the whole area around Kavadarci, which is called only Tikvesh, without this name corresponding to any of the current cities.

     At 8 o'clock in the evening we returned to Kavadarci. Ivanov and the district governor had left.

    Drenovo. 27. VII. Thursday.This morning I left for Gradsko in an ordinary springless cart. We crossed Cherna on the bridge near Pa-likura and came to the Pustograd area, where the ruins of 5tobi are. The town was located on the left bank of the Black Sea, next to its mouth in Vardar. Nothing special can be seen above the ground from the ruins. The city was located on a low hill, or rather on two hills, between which now passes a car road. This part, which is closer to Vardar, seems to hide more significant debris, because the embankments are higher and the soil shows much more unevenness when the other part is completely flat. I found only one well-known tombstone with a Greek inscription, which I copied. [L. 415: Base of colored reddish limestone, profiled on all sides, lying on the ground and partly driven into it, 160 meters above the ground, 89 meters wide, 63 cm thick; the inscription issued, very regular letters, 5.5 cm high.] I also saw some pieces of fluted 40 marble columns of Ionic or Corinthian style. On one such piece, the Bavarian troops carved the inscription for the construction of the bridge at Palikura. Near this bridge on the left bank of the river, the Bavarians also excavated a basilica41 with marble columns, some smooth, some propeller-shaped fluted. The church is built of stone domains and mortar without tiles. I was allowed to copy the plan, so I didn't hesitate to download it myself. I limited myself to taking just a few photos. Permission was requested to continue the excavations, as some walls point to other buildings as well. From there I went to Sirkovo, where I copied the famous Roman inscription of Trajan, built into the fountain [L. 392: Marble slab walled on the fountain, profiled around, 111 high, 90 wide, 27 cm thick; the Latin inscription 8 lines, height of the letters 4.5-11 cm], and then I went on horseback to Lazy Orahovac, where I copied the inscription of the church “St. Nicholas "of 1694 (L. 391: Above the door from the inside (great saints around): [Fig. 10]]. While I was in Lazy, {} Fig. 10 {} Fig. 11 it rained a little, but soon stopped again In the evening at 8 o'clock I arrived in Drenovo and stayed overnight in the food station of our Red Cross, where there is a large tent with beds for passing officers.

    Bat. 28. VII. Friday.This morning I went up to the village of Drenovo. where I visited the church "St. Dimitar ", which turned out to be one of the oldest and most interesting I've seen so far. I was able to read the end of it [Fig. II] The church has in its central part two very thick pilasters42 and 6 columns, one of which is in the middle of the building (main plan). greenish), similar to chipolin.43 Without the capitals they are 3.70 m high. Only the middle column in the western row (in the vestibule) is 1.98 m high and therefore spliced ​​in its upper part. stones with Greek inscriptions serve in a row, which cannot be read because they remain under the columns. Their capitals are trapezoidal. The central column has a late Corinthian capital with birds, the two eastern - trapezoidal capitals with crosses. Old are only the eastern and southern walls, which are built of stone and brick, with mortar without tiles. The upper part of the south wall with the windows is built only of bricks. In the blind arches of the same under the windows are made some simple ornaments of bricks [fig. 12]. The east wall with the apses44 is also old. The side apses on the outside are 5-walled, and the central one is 9-walled! In the middle of the central apse is a double window with a dividing marble column, which has an ornamented capital. Parts of the frescoes are preserved only on the south door, where the inscription is. The whole interior is now whitewashed, but over the plaster in some places there are perhaps frescoes (I did not check). In front of the royal door is a built-in marble slab with an old Christian ornament. Another similar slab is built in front of the north door of the iconostasis. On the side of the west door of the church are built small marble pillars with very nice ornaments and animals: griffin45, lion, dragon46 and birds (also early Christian or medieval). Above them are horizontal marble friezes47 with ornaments. and the throne plate itself is also antique (profiled). In front of the royal door is a built-in marble slab with an old Christian ornament. Another similar slab is built in front of the north door of the iconostasis. On the side of the west door of the church are built small marble pillars with very nice ornaments and animals: griffin45, lion, dragon46 and birds (also early Christian or medieval). Above them are horizontal marble friezes47 with ornaments. and the throne plate itself is also antique (profiled). In front of the royal door is a built-in marble slab with an old Christian ornament. Another similar slab is built in front of the north door of the iconostasis. On the side of the west door of the church are built-in small marble pillars with very nice ornaments and animals: griffin45, lion, dragon46 and birds (also early Christian or medieval). Above them are horizontal marble friezes47 with ornaments. dragon46 and birds (also early Christian or medieval). Above them are horizontal marble friezes47 with ornaments. dragon46 and birds (also early Christian or medieval). Above them are horizontal marble friezes47 with ornaments.

     I could not take more pictures and study the church in more detail, because I was in a hurry to get to Prilep, because I left at 9 o'clock in the morning. The car was shaking terribly, and the day was very hot, so we drove slowly. I did not notice any ruins along the way. Only at kilometer 15 (more precisely km 14 + 900) from Prilep can be seen a half-destroyed church "St. Nicholas ", which I could not enter because the entrance was blocked by a stone pillar that supports the upper threshold of the door, not to collapse. Outside the dimensions of the church are 6.95 x 5 m and the thickness of the walls 75 cm. It is vaulted with a cylindrical vault, full-length saints with Bulgarian inscriptions, built of quarry stones and mortar without tiles, but with large built-in marble antique blocks. In front of the church there are many tombs with slabs, among which 3 are Roman tombstones, but their reliefs and inscriptions have been completely erased. I arrived in Prilep at 6 o'clock and immediately went to look for accommodation. I was first taken to very unfriendly people in a bare room without any furniture. I returned to the commandant's office and, at my repeated insistence, they found me a better place to stay.

    29. VII. Saturday. I went to the district chief Trenkov, who turned out to know me, and greeted me very well. He is a local, former teacher in Bulgaria, and knows his surroundings very well. I also cooked Zlatarski here, who is leaving for Bitola this afternoon. I felt very unwell and sought medical attention. An acquaintance of mine from Sofia, Dr. Markov, happened again. It turned out that I had a temperature of 38.5 °. I moved to Grigor Sugarev's apartment in the apartment of Polychron Neychev, who is a delegate of the Red Cross in the 1st Army, but was now in Sofia. In the evening my temperature rose to 39 °.

    30. VII. Sunday.I had to lie down all day and I had a constant 393 temperature. The doctor comes several times. I learned that our actions had begun in Thessaloniki, and successfully. The wounded were brought here, as well as French and Serb captives. In the evening my temperature dropped to 37.5 °.

    31. VII. Monday. My temperature dropped, but I feel it. very weak and had to guard the room all day. Dr. Markov comes again 2 times. I will have to go to Bitola sooner, without having finished my work here, because it is not convenient here, and Neychev may already return.

    Bitola. 1. VIII. Tuesday.This morning I went to the district chief, where I learned that Miletic48 and N. Milev49 had arrived together with my photographer Traichev60. They also go to Bitola. I decided to leave today and bought a separate carriage, as I did not receive a state vehicle. I arrived in Bitola at 7 o'clock and went down to the Nova Bulgaria Hotel.

    2. VIII. Wednesday. Today there was a prayer service, a procession and speeches on the occasion of the anniversary of the Ilinden Uprising (1903). There was a large gathering of people from the area. In the afternoon, heroic games were given in the yard of the former Greek high school, and in the evening there was a performance in the theater, which I also attended in

    Ohrid.We are again looking for a vehicle for Ohrid together with Y. Ivanov, with whom we met here again. In the yard of the former Greek high school I saw several marble reliefs and inscriptions, but I did not copy them because my headquarters promised to send them to Sofia. In the afternoon we could leave for Ohrid by ambulance at 3 o'clock and we arrived at 8 o'clock in the evening. The road is not good, but it is quite picturesque. When we descended to Resen, there was a view of part of Lake Prespa. Near Ohrid near the village of Koselthere are sulfur fumes that emit a strong odor; from a hole the gases come out with a great noise. The whole area is devoid of any vegetation. In Ohrid we found the district chief P. Chaulev, a former voivode, who accommodated us in an apartment with the Filevi brothers, wealthy merchants and one of the first people here. We were received very suffocatingly. The two brothers are not married, and only the eldest has a wife and children. They also have a sister. Their mother, a talkative and agile woman, makes a very good impression. Our room overlooks the village.

NOTES

1 Professor Yordan Ivanov (1872-1947), member of the scientific intelligence mission.

2 Quarter and station in Sofia.

3 The Headquarters of the Army in Action is located in Kyustendil. 4Professor Vasil Zlatarski (1866-1935), member of the scientific intelligence mission. 5Dimitar Gadjanov, lecturer in Turkish at the University, member of the scientific intelligence mission.

6 Joined Kresna.

7 S. Kromidovo, municipality. Sandanski.

8 Acanthus - 1. Southern ornamental plant with large leaves. 2. arch. Capital ornament On a column, on a vase, etc. in the form of an acanthus leaf used in Corinthian, Roman and some other styles.

9 Professor V. Zlatarski also reported on the excavations in his report - cf. Petra, P. Travel of Prof. VN Zlatarski in Macedonia. - Military historian. collection, 1991, № 1, pp. 71—72; see also Ivanova, V. Old churches and monasteries in the Bulgarian lands (IV-XIII c.). - Yearbook of the National Museum for 1922—1925, 1926, vol. 4, p. 551.

10 Sengelovo, Demirhisar region, Greece.

11 Demirhisar region, in Greece.

12 Binlik — 2.5 oki (1000 drams).

13 Demirhisar region, in Greece.

14 These are the events of 1255 (see History of Bulgaria, vol. 3, Sofia, 1982, p. 268). 15 S. Marikostinovo, municipality. Petrich.

16 The fortress was studied by D. Stoyanova-Serafimova. The results of the excavations have not been published.

17 At the end of the 19th century, there were 200 Christians and 800 Muslims in the village (see Kanchev, V. Selected Works, vol. 2, Sofia, 1970, p. 487).

18 Ivanov, J. The Battle of Belasitsa, July 29, 1014 - Bulletin of the Bulgarian Historical Society, 1911, vol. 3, pp. 1-15.

19 He has in mind his visit in 1915 and the notes taken at that time (see NBCM-BIA, file 209, AU 26, pp. 416, 432-433). For the churches in Vodocha and Velusa, see also Ivanova, V. Poe. cf., pp. 532-540; M i l e t i ch, L. Strumishknte monastery churches near the village of Vodocha and the village of Velyusa. - Macedonian Review, 1926, № 2, pp. 35—48.

20 During the scientific expedition in 1915 B. Filov toured Melnik, Petrich and Strumica and gave detailed descriptions of the sites visited in his diary for the year, which is why he does not stop at these settlements now.

21 Days The village of Banya, Kavadarci region, Yugoslavia.

22 NBKM — BIA, f. 209, a. f. 26, p. 409. Published by Ivanov, J. Bulgarian Antiquities. . ., p. 76. 23 For the church in Negotino see Ivanov, J. Bulgarian Antiquities. ... pp. 75—76.

24 Trachyte - an atypical volcanic rock similar to syenite.

26 Lacquered ceramics. "Embossed ceramics.

27 Front - 1. A triangular field under a double-sided roof of a building next to the eaves line, usually with decoration. 2. Similar decoration of a door, window or entrance.

28 Slightly relaxed or raised leg that does not carry the weight of the body. .

29 Porous cone (?).

30 NBCM — BIA, f. 209, a. f. 26, p. 406. The inscription was issued by Ivanov, J. Bulgarian Antiquities. . . , pp. 75.

31 NBKM — BIA, f. 209, a. f. 26, p. 405. For the church, the icon and the inscription see Ivanov, J. Bulgarian Antiquities

32 Serves - 1. Large clay vessel for water, jar. 2. A jar with two ears.

33 Statue placed on the corners or on top of a pediment (man, animal, etc.).

34 Sculptured or painted ornament in the form of a stylized palm leaf.

35 Underwear, shirt in the ancient Greeks.

36 House, small room; small building.

37 A place erected in a temple for preaching, reading the gospel, etc.

38Anton P. Stoilov (1869-1928), participant in the scientific intelligence mission. The report muse travel in the Aegean see Petrov, P. Unpublished work of Anton P. Stoilov. - Military historian. collection, 1991, № 2.

39 A piece of a cone (?).

40 Groove - vertical grooves on a column.

41 A rectangular structure divided longitudinally by columns of three or five naves, the middle of which is the tallest and illuminated by windows above the side naves.

42 Pilaster - a rectangular column built into one side of a wall for decoration or support.

43 Type of marble.

44 Apse - 1. Semi-cylindrical or multi-walled vaulted space to the wall of a building, mainly ancient basilicas, palaces, etc. 2. The eastern part of a Christian Orthodox church, which is a semicircular and arched with a semi-quarter sphere, the altar part of the church.

45 A monster with the body of a lioness and the head and wings of an eagle.

46A monster with a fantastic appearance or a dragon with many heads.

47 Frieze - 1. Part of a wall that is surrounded by a narrow strip between the architrave and the cornice, usually decorated with drawings. 2. Curb, belt along the wall, floor, carpet, etc., usually decorated with figures.

48 Professor Lubomir Miletic (1863-1937), participant in the scientific intelligence mission.

49Associate Professor Nikola Milev (1881-1925), historian.

50Georgi Traichev, photographer at the National (Archaeological) Museum in Sofia, accompanying Professor L. Miletic.